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Who doesn’t enjoy a nice piece of chewing gum? Well Brendan Langley Womens Jersey , I may be jumping the gun a bit here but I do love a nice stick of sugarless cinnamon gum. And now it turns out that chewing may be very good forweight control too! Here’s the deal. In a recent study sponsored by Wrigley’s (I know! I know! Conflict of interest…?) men and women who chewed Extra sugar-free gum 3 times hourly in the afternoon chose and consumed less snacks and especially, less sweet snacks than they did when they did not chew gum. While they still reached for a variety of snacks provided, the decrease in overall snack intake was significant at 40 calories and sweet snack intake specifically was significantly lowered by 60 calories. Which can be significant over time. Earlier gum studies had found that gum chewing was associated with lower snack intake, but this study is the first to examine the macronutrient make-up of afternoon snack food choices made by men and women after chewing gum. The participants, 115 men and women Carlos Henderson Womens Jersey , between the ages of 18 and 54, were all regular gum chewers who came to the lab twice - once for the gum condition and the other for the no-gum condition. Subjects were given sandwiches for lunch, which were nutrient-rich enough to make up ¼ of their recommended caloric intake per day. They stayed in the lab and for the next 3 hours, either chewed Extra sugar-free gum for 15 minutes hourly for three hours or did not chew gum. They found that when the folks chewed gum, on average Demarcus Walker Womens Jersey , they reported significantly decreased feelings of hunger and cravings for something sweet. In addition, the gum chewers felt they maintained energy levels throughout the afternoon and also felt significantly less drowsy at hours two and three before the afternoon snack. This study shows the potential role that chewing gum can play in appetite control, reduction of snack cravings and weight management. Yes, even small changes in calories can have an impact on your weight in the long term and this supports the role of chewing gum as an easy, practical tool for managing snack DaeSean Hamilton Womens Jersey , especially sweet snack, intake and cravings. Investing in commercial real estate is quite lucrative if you are an intelligent investor, who has a property purchase plan from the beginning. Before you ever make a move to begin the purchase process, it is wise to take a look at the property to project the potential value of your investment.

Not all valuation methods are created equal

Before discussing the actual valuation of commercial property, it is prudent to know the different methods of real estate valuation. The first is the market valuation Josey Jewell Womens Jersey , or sales comparison method. Residential homes are usually valued using the sales comparison method since the value of a home is directly related to the price a buyer is willing to pay compared to the sales price of similar homes.

Another method is the Cost Valuation Method, which is simply land value plus an estimate of what a building or other improvements would cost to reproduce in today?s dollars.

And the last method, which is used most widely in commercial and investment real estate valuation, is the income capitalization method, or cap rate method. Using this method Isaac Yiadom Womens Jersey , commercial property is valued by determining the rate of return on an investment, or capitalization rate, divided by the average net operating income (NOI) for the property. NOI is the gross income for the property less expenses, but not including debt service or mortgage payments.

For instance, you as an investor find a nice retail strip center for sale. The current owner provides details of the previous 12 months net operating income Justin Simmons Womens Jersey , and you find that the average yearly NOI is $75,000. The capitalization rate for the area you are looking is about 10%. Therefore, by dividing $75,000 by 10%, you can figure that $750 Jake Butt Womens Jersey ,000 is a good estimation of the value of the property.

Enlisting professional sidekicks for your commercial portfolio

Remember that this type of quick estimate is a ball park figure only. A true and accurate valuation can be performed by a licensed commercial real estate appraiser. Also, if you use a commercial mortgage broker to help finance an investment, the broker can provide a clearer estimated cap rate valuation because he has access to databases that provide critical information, such as accurate cap rates in the area of your potential investment, typical vacancy rates Garett Bolles Womens Jersey , and average rent per square foot for an area.

Keep in mind that the seller may provide financial statements and data that are overstated or exaggerated. For instance, he may indicate no vacancy contingency in his expenses. Or gross rents may be higher than the average for the area. It is wise to carefully analyze the income statement and use the experience and knowledge of a broker or appraiser to figure accurate numbers when calculating the potential NOI for a property.

Befriending the PPU for valuation

Another type of commercial real estate valuation is the price per unit or PPU. The PPU may be used on commercial property, such as apartment buildings, where excessive vacancies may skew the financial data and the final NOI cap rate. By using the sales comparable method mentioned above, a commercial real estate appraiser can more accurately determine the value of an apartment building by comparing the recent sales of similar apartments Courtland Sutton Womens Jersey , and determining an average price per unit. Simply multiplying the PPU by the number of units in a potential investment can provide an accurate valuation.

It is helpful for an investor of commercial real estate to know the methods of valuation for a property. By knowing the methods and working with a team of experts, an investor can intelligently determine whet. Cheap Jerseys China Cheap Jerseys Free Shipping Cheap Jerseys Online Cheap Jerseys China Wholesale Cheap NBA Jerseys China Cheap MLB Jerseys China Cheap College Jerseys From China Cheap Authentic NHL Jerseys Cheap MLB Jerseys Wholesale Cheap New NBA Jerseys